Reviewed By Dr. Jodi Kuhn
Reading time: 4 minutes
Clear central vision is something most people rely on every day without thinking about it. When that vision begins to change, even small tasks like reading or recognizing faces can become more difficult.
We provide eye care for children and adults at our locations in Denver, Aurora and Thornton. We accept Medicaid!
Dental and Vision Care in One Convenient Location
At our Denver and Aurora locations, Youth Dentistry & Orthodontics and Youth Vision are conveniently located in the same building. This means you can receive both dental and vision care at one familiar location, without extra travel or scheduling stress.
Table of Contents
What Is Macular Degeneration?
Macular degeneration is an eye condition that affects the macula, the central part of the retina responsible for detailed vision. It can cause a gradual central vision loss, while peripheral vision often remains intact.
This condition typically develops with age and is known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the most common form. It does not usually cause complete blindness, but it can lead to vision loss that affects activities requiring sharp central vision.
What Causes Macular Degeneration?
AMD develops due to changes in the retina that affect how light is processed. These changes can involve damage to retinal cells, buildup of waste deposits, or abnormal blood vessel growth.
Several factors can increase the likelihood of developing this condition:
- Aging, especially after age 50
- Family history of macular degeneration
- Smoking, which affects circulation and retinal health
- High blood pressure or cardiovascular conditions
- Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light
- Poor nutrition, particularly low intake of antioxidants
These factors can contribute to the gradual degeneration of the macula.
What Are the Symptoms of Macular Degeneration?
Early changes are often subtle and may not be immediately noticeable. As the condition progresses, symptoms become more apparent.
Common symptoms include:
- Blurred or distorted central vision
- Difficulty reading or recognizing faces
- Straight lines appearing wavy or bent
- Dark or empty areas in central vision
- Increased need for brighter lighting
Because these symptoms develop gradually, many people do not notice them until vision changes begin to interfere with daily activities.
What Is the Difference Between Dry and Wet Macular Degeneration?
Macular degeneration is classified into two main types, each affecting the eye differently.
Dry Macular Degeneration
Dry AMD is the most common form. It develops gradually as the macula becomes thinner and small yellow deposits, called drusen, form beneath the retina. These deposits are made up of lipids and proteins and can interfere with how the retinal cells function.
Vision changes tend to occur slowly, and early stages may not cause noticeable symptoms.
Wet Macular Degeneration
Wet AMD is less common but more serious. It occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow beneath the retina and leak fluid or blood. This can lead to rapid changes in vision and requires prompt evaluation.
Symptoms such as sudden distortion or dark spots in central vision may appear more quickly with the wet form compared to the dry form.
Macular Degeneration Treatment
For dry AMD, management focuses on slowing progression and monitoring for changes.
This may include:
- Nutritional support, such as AREDS2-based vitamin formulations recommended for certain stages.
- Monitoring central vision at home using tools like an Amsler grid to detect distortion early.
- Regular eye exams to track retinal changes and watch for progression to more advanced stages.
- Lifestyle adjustments, including smoking cessation, a diet rich in leafy greens and antioxidants, and UV protection.
For wet AMD, treatment is more active and may involve:
- Macular degeneration injections (anti-VEGF therapy), which help reduce abnormal blood vessel growth and leakage.
- Medications that block vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a protein that drives abnormal vessel formation.
- Repeated injections over time, depending on how the eye responds to treatment.
- Ongoing monitoring with imaging and exams to track response and adjust treatment as needed.
Early evaluation plays an important role in effectively managing both forms.
Detecting Vision Changes With Youth Vision
Macular degeneration often develops without noticeable symptoms in the early stages. Routine eye exams allow evaluation of the retina and detection of subtle changes before vision is significantly affected.
At Youth Vision, comprehensive eye exams include a detailed evaluation of the macula and surrounding retinal structures to identify early signs of degeneration. The doctors assess central vision function and look for subtle changes in the retina that may indicate early progression.
Based on these findings, they provide clear guidance on next steps, whether that involves continued monitoring or referral for further care.
Optometrist in Denver, CO
To schedule an eye exam, contact the location most convenient for you:
Phone: (303) 825-2295
Phone: (303) 343-3133
Phone: (303) 450-0184
FAQs
Can macular degeneration be reversed?
Macular disease cannot currently be reversed. Treatment focuses on slowing progression and managing symptoms, especially in the early stages.
How fast does macular degeneration progress?
Progression varies by type and individual factors. Dry macular degeneration often develops slowly over years, while wet macular degeneration can cause more rapid changes in vision.
Is macular degeneration painful?
This condition typically does not cause pain. Vision changes are usually the primary symptom.
